Saturn's Rings. Source: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute. Published: November 16, 2016. Saturn's rings were named alphabetically in the order they were discovered. The narrow F ring marks the outer boundary of the main ring system. This alternate version highlights the rings in discovery order. ENLARGE.
Parker Hannifi n Corporation • O-Ring Division I 2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509 Phone: (859) 269-2351 † Fax: (859) 335-5128
Now, follow the steps below to design your own o-ring seal and o-ring groove. Step 1. Choose your rubber properties by going to our O-ring Material Guide section. Step 2. Make sure that the material you choose will withstand the temperature of your system by going to this rubber temperature range chart. Step 3.
On October 1, 1985 - about four months before the Challenger launch - Ebeling wrote a memo his Morton-Thiokol boss, Allan J. McDonald, that began with "HELP!" The engineer went on to express his concerns about task …
NASA engineers at Marshall said the original design would have required tapered pins to maintain necessary tolerances and assure enough"squeeze" on the face-sealing O-ring. 19 However, design analysis determined that motor ignition would create tension loads on the joint sufficient to cause the tapered pins to pop out. Solving that would have ...
Fold a piece of 8.5- x 11-inch paper diagonally as shown in diagram 1. Make a 1/2-inch fold along the previously folded edge. Make a second 1/2-inch fold. Curl the ends of the paper to make a ring and tuck one end into the fold of the …
Design Guidelines for Axial Seals. O-Ring design for axial seals is similar to that for radial seals, with the important points summarized below: The O-Ring must be compressed by a predetermined amount, and this compression determines …
Engineer Who Opposed Challenger Launch Offers Personal Look at Tragedy. On January 28, 1986, as the Space Shuttle Challenger broke up over the Atlantic Ocean 73 seconds into its flight, Allan McDonald looked on in shock -- despite the fact that the night before, he had refused to sign the launch recommendation over safety concerns.
An O-ring, also known as a packing or a toric joint, is a mechanical gasket in the shape of a torus; it is a loop of elastomer with a round cross-section, designed to be seated in a groove and compressed during assembly between two or more parts, forming a seal at the interface.. The O-ring may be used in static applications or in dynamic applications where there is relative …
Bob Ebeling was one of five booster rocket engineers at a NASA contractor who tried to stop the 1986 launch of the space shuttle Challenger, which exploded 73 seconds into its flight. He was 89.
10. Experiments indicate that the primary mechanism that actuates O-ring sealing is the application of gas pressure to the upstream (high-pressure) side of the O-ring as it sits in its groove or channel. a. For this pressure actuation to work most effectively, a space between the O-ring and its upstream channel wall should exist during ...
The O-ring temperature is assumed to be the same. Calculations are based on a thermal model which includes ambient temperature among the variables. ... Design and Production Panel; Brigham City, Utah, March 18, 1986, pages 392 through 403. 3. Report, "Accident Analysis Team Report, Space Shuttle Systems Working Group. NASA, April 1986", pages ...
THIS IS O-RING DESIGN EXPERTISE. 2 WARNING This product contains a chemical known to the state of California to cause cancer, or birth defects or ... (UL), Military (MIL-SPEC), Aerospace (AMS), NASA, FDA, USP, and many customer-specific requirements. Wynn's Numbering System Parker Hannifin acquired Wynn's International, parent company of Wynn's ...
O-Ring Groove Design Engineering Guide. O-ring groove design is a key consideration in the o-ring selection process. Browse design considerations and recommendations for static face seals, metric o-rings, static dovetail o-rings, static rod-piston o-rings and dynamic rod-piston o-rings. Once you find the right o-ring groove design you can ...
In Truth, Lies, and O-Rings, McDonald, a skilled engineer and executive, relives the tragedy from where he stood at Launch Control Center. As he fought to draw attention to the real reasons behind the disaster, he was the only one targeted for retribution by both NASA and his employer, Morton Thiokol, Inc., makers of the shuttle's solid rocket ...
This manual was written for design engineers to enable them to choose appropriate fasteners for their designs. Subject matter includes fastener material selection, platings, lubricants, corrosion, locking methods, washers, inserts, thread types and classes, fatigue loading, and fastener torque. A section on design criteria covers the derivation of torque formulas, loads on a fastener group ...
March 23, 1986. Despite longstanding concerns about the design of the space shuttle's O-rings, NASA chose not to monitor their performance in flight, even though, according to rocket engineers, it ...
Managers considered significant ice covering parts of the launch tower as not enough of a concern to delay the launch. In behind-the-scenes discussions, concerns by engineers about the effects of the cold temperatures on the integrity of O-rings in SRB segment joints were overruled by managers who cleared Challenger to launch. Liftoff took ...
12. O-ring Gland Design The following pages contain basic O-ring gland design information. Please contact the local ERIKS repre-sentative if an application does not clearly fall into these design parameters. Static Applications There are five types of static O-ring applications: • Flange seal • Radial seal • Dovetail seal • Boss seal ...
The rationale that the Morton-Thiokol proposed, and NASA accepted, for not re-designing the joint was that if the 1st o-ring failed to seal, the 2nd o-ring would provide the sealing function ...
Parker Hannifin is one of the world's leading authorities on O-Ring design. In the Parker O-Ring Handbook ORD 5700 paragraph 4.0 says "It has been said that O-rings are 'the finest static seals ever developed.' ... Page 69 "In September 1985, the task force submitted its first recommendation to NASA Marshall for solving the O-ring seal ...
Parker O-Ring Vacuum Sealing Guide ORD 5705 These products can expose you to chemicals including carbon black (airborne and extracts), antimony trioxide, titanium dioxide, silica (crystalline), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, ... If a claim is based on information provided by Buyer or if the design for an item delivered hereunder is specified in ...
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O-ring Chamfer to Serve as Shoe Horn 100 to 200 Cylinc½r gore 100 to 200 Installation See View "A" to Eliminate Drilled harp Edge Find-led O-ring åndercut Piston Rod Cha Hole View A Figure 3—4; proper Designs for Installation Of O-rings Gland Dimensions for Industrial O-Ring Static Seals, 103.5 Bar (1500 psi) Max.t (Continued) +.ooo .001 +.001
Design guidelines for O-Rings: A stretch greater than 5% on the O-ring I.D. is not recommended because it can lead to a loss of seal compression. A Groove depth is the machined depth into one surface, whereas a Gland depth consist of the groove depth plus diametrical clearance and is used to calculate seal compression.
Both the post-disaster presidential commission report and Risk Analysis of the Space Shuttle highlighted NASA management's use of data that showed the number of O-Ring failure incidents versus temperature before …
The amount of O-ring erosion was insufficient to prevent the O-ring from sealing, and investigators concluded that the soot between the O-rings resulted from non-uniform pressure at the time of ignition.: 130 : 39–42 The January 1985 launch of STS-51-C was the coldest Space Shuttle launch to date. The air temperature was 62 °F (17 °C) at ...
NASA-HDBK-1005 : Baseline : NASA SPACE MISSION ARCHITECTURE FRAMEWORK (SMAF) HANDBOOK FOR UNCREWED SPACE MISSIONS: : 0 : NASA-HDBK-2203 ... Low Earth Orbit Spacecraft Charging Design Handbook: : 0 : NASA-HDBK-4007 : Baseline w/CHANGE 3 : Spacecraft High-Voltage Paschen and Corona …
O-ring groove design guides offer default dimensional guidance on the most basic o-ring groove design applications. The best o-rings are useless without the right groove design which becomes increasingly important the more demanding the application environment. Review the general o-ring groove design considerations before moving onto the ...
Below you can see Violet Part which is the Steel wall The Gray part is Fixed Propellant. In simple words these make the shuttle motor (Refer Pic below) …
In the late 1970s, NASA strived for a lighter weight orbiter, but a test vehicle was needed to ensure the lighter airframe could handle the stress of space flight. Computer software at the time wasn't yet advanced enough to accurately …
Predictability: long history of erosion in O-rings, not envisaged in the original design. Causes: inadequate original design ... In addition, with NASA's strong pride in …